Biological Molecules

1. Review of carbon structure and chemical bonding

• hydrocarbons

• carbohydrates

• why are certain molecules highly absorbed by cells?

2. Subunit Molecules and Functional Groups

     -the functional groups

     -the subunits:

• fatty acids

• sugars (cyclization)

• amino acids (the R groups)

• nitrogenous bases nucleotides

3. Macromolecules

• polymers of subunits

polysaccharides:

a. functions

    glycosidic bond

b. starch (amylose) in plant cell 

c. glycogen in animal cell

d.  cellulose microfibrils cell wall

e.  chitin in insect exoskeletons 

lipids:

• The importance of shape and why olestra doesn't make us fat

a. functions 

b. neutral or uncharged fats monoglyceride triglyceride

c. importance of double bonds

d. charged lipids

e. micelles, liposomes, membranes

f. cholesterol  steroids  side effects from steroid use

proteins:

a. functions

b. the peptide bond

c. the 20 amino acids

d. 4 levels of protein structure

primary

secondary (helix, pleated sheet) animations

tertiary (globular proteins); What stabilizes and maintains tertiary structure?

quaternary catalase (Sickle Cell Anemia)