Review for Test on Morphemes and Syntax

Questions on the Grammatical Summary sheet will help determine whether a phrase is nominal, adjectival, or adverbial; if the "where?" goes with a noun, the phrase is adjectival, if with a verb it is adverbial.

1. Be able to break a work into morphemes, identifying each kind (as root, derivational affix, or inflectional affix). Exs: exwives, famous, romance, shower, glamorizes, bubble, mopely, zorptions, gorped, antacid, flowery, dirtiest, eaten. (Make a hierarchical "tree" of inactivated.)

2. Be able to identify the morphemes in a foreign language or English (and provide "the rule") (see homework problems from "Morpheme" chapter). Be able to identify the sentence pattern as SVO, VSO, or SOV and name two differences from English (other than pattern). See ex. 18, p. 170.

3. Identify the nonsense words in sentences as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. (See the Noun web exercise.) Ex: Some thickletwits may have gorked those mopely orps. (Some, may have, and those are not nonsense words)

4. Be able to identify the grammatical category of a single word (as noun, verb, adjective, or adverb). (See grammatical summary sheet.) Ex: sterile, stew, frabjous

5. Identify the underlined part as main verb of the sentence, nominal, adjectival, or adverbial. (See web exercises.) Ex: I hit the ball into the net. Ex. The point of this paper is good. Ex. They need nursing care around the clock. That side of the container is rusty. All the children like hiking. The bread got crusty after I baked it.

6. Identify the underlined part as a preposition, verb particle, determiner, or complementizer. (See web exercises.) Ex: I hit the ball into the net. Ex: He won't give up his stuffed bear. Ex: They need nursing care around the clock.

7. Identify whether a sentence is SV_I , SV_TO, SV_TO_IO_D , or SV_LAP or SV_LNP (AP = adjective phrase and NP = noun phrase). Mark objects as direct or indirect. (See web exercises.) Ex: His mother gave the cats a bath. Ex: After a few hours of studying, she grew very tired. Ex: I drove around the block three times while I was waiting for you. Ex: They gave me a surprise party. Exs: She runs every day. The bread got crusty after I baked it.

8. Be able to answer true/false questions on chapter concepts such as grammaticality, performance, and competence.

9. Draw trees of sentences (as in #7, p. 167). Draw 2 trees to indicate each meaning of an ambiguous phrase or sentence (indicating the meaning that goes with each tree). Label the words (grammatically) at the bottom of the tree. (See #4, p. 166). For the NP "oriental art expert," the phrase would break into "oriental" and "art expert" or "oriental art" and "expert." Ex: She is trying. Ex: I heard the news that you came on Friday.

10. Indicate whether a sentence contains an S' or a PP, and, if it does, underline it: If she comes, I'll tell her. The head of the company wants them to come. Several people ran around the block. Indicate whether a verb is an auxiliary verb or a linking verb: She was sleeping. She was tired.. Indicate whether an aux. verb or a main vb They have guards around the clock. They have gone home.

Review Exercises

I. Identify the pattern of each of the following SV_I , SV_TO, SV_TO_IO_D , or SV_LAP or SV_LNP (AP = adjective phrase and NP = noun phrase) .

1. She grew a radish.

2. She grew tired.

3. I walked through the park early in the morning.

4. That smells awful.

5. I smell your perfume.

II. A. Identify each nonsense word as a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. B. Then identify the pattern of sentence (SV_I , SV_TO, SV_TO_IO_D , or SV_LAP or SV_LNP .) Underlining each part.

1. My gribble spooved a yellow plong.

2. Some ammit gave the drugglenitch a scrope.

3. The lipe is obviously a scallaham.

4. The glug was gragging the birk a dimble.

5. The stromp turned crazeful. (As opposed to "the stromp turned crazefully.")

III. Indicate whether the underlined constituent is the main verb of the sentence, a nominal, an adjectival, or an adverbial:

1. Joe bought a round box. 

2. That car rounded the corner on two wheels.

3. Gary played a round of golf. 

4. The children are turning around and around.

5. They want to catch the early train. 

6. The baby is tired.

7. I like the kitten under the cushion. 

8. He says that he plans to come.

IV. Indicate whether the sentence contains an S' and, if it does, underline it: "I told him that she came." "I want her to come." Does III 7? Does III 8? Which of the sentences in III contain PP's?

V. Which of the following are auxiliary verbs: "is" in II 3? "was" in II 4? Is "around" in the following sentence an adverb or a preposition? That car went around the corner really fast.

VI. Draw 2 trees for each of the following to indicate the 2 meanings of each sentence (identifying which meaning goes with which tree).

1. Clinton visits hurt soldiers.

2. Voter fears alert politicians.

3. Hershey Bars Protest.

4. The senator sent the lobster from Maine to Arkansas. (The hardest one)