Fruits and Nuts

I. What is a fruit? What is a nut?

A. Introduction

botanical terminology vs. everyday speech

flower diagram

parthenocarpy

Nuts are fruits

B. Classification of fruits

-Basis for system:

a. number of ovaries-

ovaries are derived from folded leaf (carpel)

maybe simple or compound

ovary may contain more than one ovule

b. position of ovary:

inferior or superior ovary

c. mature ovary: fleshy or dry?

ovary (and other floral parts) mature to produce a fruit wall or pericarp consisting of  layers (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp)

tomato

orange

pepper

d. simple (one flower)

 aggregate (multiple ovaries)

 multiple (multiple flowers)

C. Types of Fruits

Fruit Identification Summary

1. simple

-single ovary (simple or compound)

-DRY PERICARP

-dehiscent

-indehiscent

-FLESHY PERICARP

2. aggregate

-strawberry

-blackberries

3. multiple

-pineapple

 banana.jpg (30436 bytes)
 

II. Fruits and Nuts from Cold Regions

A. Rosaceae

1. pome group

-apples

-Johnny Appleseed

-pear stone cells

-quince

2. plum group

-plums

-cherries

-peaches

3. False berry group

-strawberry (achene)

- blackberry

-boysenberry

B. Ericaceae

-blueberry

-cranberry bog

C. Grapes (Vitaceae)

-Concord

D. Olives

Olea europaea

oleuropein

E. Kiwi Fruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

F. Temperate Nuts

 apple.jpg (32264 bytes)
 

III. Fruits and Nuts from Warm Regions

A. Citrus Fruits

-herperidium oil glands distribution

-"scurvy"

-Navel orange

-lime

-pummelo

-citron Buddha's hand product

B. Squashes (Cucurbitaceae) (New World)

C. Melons (Old World Cucurbitaceae)

D. Tomatoes, Peppers, Eggplants

E. Coconuts

Cocos nucifera 

F. Pineapples

Anansas comosus

-bromelain

G. Bananas

H. Okra

I. Exotic Fruits

J. Warm Region Nuts