I have chosen the four runes you see in the background of my World Literature Index page as the symbols for my course. They represent some of the major issues I see operating in the literature we read in this course: journey and the importance of finding a home, language and the mutability of human life. The late Old English Rune Poem associates each of them with a word and with a set of ideas.
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rad road or journey | ![]() |
os possibly borrowed from Latin os mouth |
| Rad byþ on recyde rinca gehwylcum sefte, and swiþhwæt ðam ðe sitteþ onufan meare mægenheardum ofer milpaþas. |
Os byþ ordfruma ælcre spræce, wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur and eorla gehwam eadnys and tohiht. |
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| Journey is to every warrior in the hall pleasant, but bitingly tough to him who sits on a mighty steed over the mile-paths. |
Os is the creator of all speech, a supporter of wisdom and comfort of wise men, and a blessing and hope to every man. |
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man human being | ![]() |
þel homeland |
| Man byþ on myrgþe his magan leof sceal þeah anra gehwylc oðrum swican; forðam Dryhten wyle dome sine þæt earme flæc eorþan betæcan. |
þel byþ oferleof æghwylcum men, gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerysena on brucan on bolde bleadum oftast. |
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| Man in merriment is beloved of his fellow yet shall every one betray the other; for this reason God wills by his decree that the unhappy flesh be committed to earth. |
Homeland is most precious to every man, if he may therein enjoy justice and courtesies in his house, in frequent and abundant prosperity. |
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Jonathan A. Glenn, University of Central Arkansas
Updated 1997-07-19