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About the Runes

I have chosen the four runes you see in the background of my World Literature Index page as the symbols for my course. They represent some of the major issues I see operating in the literature we read in this course: journey and the importance of finding a home, language and the mutability of human life. The late Old English Rune Poem associates each of them with a word and with a set of ideas.

Rad Rune rad ‘road’ or ‘journey’ Os Rune os possibly borrowed from Latin os ‘mouth’
Rad byþ on recyde rinca gehwylcum
sefte, and swiþhwæt ðam ðe sitteþ onufan
meare mægenheardum ofer milpaþas.
Os byþ ordfruma ælcre spræce,
wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur
and eorla gehwam eadnys and tohiht.


Journey is to every warrior in the hall
pleasant, but bitingly tough to him who sits
on a mighty steed over the mile-paths.
Os is the creator of all speech,
a supporter of wisdom and comfort of wise men,
and a blessing and hope to every man.

Man Rune man ‘human being’ Homeland Rune œþel ‘homeland’
Man byþ on myrgþe his magan leof—
sceal þeah anra gehwylc oðrum swican;
forðam Dryhten wyle dome sine
þæt earme flæc eorþan betæcan.
Œþel byþ oferleof æghwylcum men,
gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerysena on
brucan on bolde bleadum oftast.


Man in merriment is beloved of his fellow—
yet shall every one betray the other;
for this reason God wills by his decree
that the unhappy flesh be committed to earth.
Homeland is most precious to every man,
if he may therein enjoy justice and courtesies
in his house, in frequent and abundant prosperity.

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Jonathan A. Glenn, University of Central Arkansas
Updated 1997-07-19