BIOLOGY 1400
Fall 2002: Lecture Exam 1
This exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions. Each one has
only one right answer. Read each question and all possible answers
carefully before answering. Please mark your answers on the Scantron
form provided, using only #2 lead pencil. If you erase an answer,
make sure you erase it fully, or the machine may mark it incorrect.
Check carefully to ensure that your answers are on the correct
rows on the Scantron form.
Turn in both the Scantron form and the test paper
when you are finished. Make sure your name is on both. You may
write on the test paper if you wish, but anything you write on
the test paper will not be graded. Good luck.
Hawaii has many animals and plants that are found nowhere else
in the world. In particular, Hawaii is home to a group of beautiful
birds called honeycreepers. The next nine questions are all about
Hawaiian honeycreepers.
1. This is one of the Hawaiian honeycreepers, called the 'i'iwi (pronounced something like "ee-ee-wee"). It belongs to the animal phylum Chordata. This specifically means that it has, at least at some stage of its life,
a stiff rod running underneath the main nerve cord or spinal cord
2. Male 'i'iwi are colored brilliant red, with black wings. Females prefer to mate with the brightest males. This is an example of ______ in action.
sexual selection
3. Instead of calling this bird the 'i'iwi, biologists could refer to it by the Latin name Vestiaria coccinea. Why would biologists prefer to use the Latin name?
It's a standardized name used globally.
4. 'I'iwi birds sip nectar from flowers. As they do that, they spread pollen from one flower to another, which helps the flowers to reproduce and make seeds. This kind of mutually helpful relationship is an example of
symbiosis
5. The 'i'iwi has a long curved beak that it uses to probe deeply into flowers. How would the French scientist Lamarck have explained the 'i'iwi's beak?
'I'iwis have been stretching their beaks that way, and the
stretching has been passed on from generation to generation.
6. This diagram, a cladogram, depicts seven honeycreeper species (including the 'i'iwi, on the far right). A cladogram is
a testable hypothesis of common ancestry
7. All honeycreepers are found only on the Hawaiian islands, and nowhere else in the world. This is similar to the finches that Darwin studied, found only on the ___ Islands off the coast of Ecuador:
Galápagos
8. At Kilauea volcano in Hawaii, you can watch glowing melted rock (lava) spew from the volcano, and then harden into a black rock called basalt. You can find identical basalt rock elsewhere in the world-say, in southern California, in the Mojave National Preserve-and then you could use the principle of uniformitarianism to conclude that
the basalt in California was also formed by volcanoes.
9. When I visited the Mojave National Preserve, I studied a roadcut where the rocks were exposed, and saw a layer of basalt lying on top of a layer of sandstone. This means that
the basalt is younger than the sandstone
10. According to a CNN report today (October 16, 2002), this past summer, 120 people became ill, 20 of whom died, from an outbreak of Listeria growing in tainted meat products. Listeria is a prokaryote, which means that
it has no nucleus
11. Listeria makes people sick by means of an exotoxin. This means that
it produces a poison that travels through the body
12. Listeria cells are shaped like rods, which means that they are
bacilli
13. To test whether Listeria caused an illness, the first thing you'd have to do would be to isolate it from everyone with that illness. This is one of the conditions laid down by
Koch
14. Listeria was discovered growing in dead, packaged meat products. In other words, it was functioning as a/an:
saprotroph
15. If you treated a sick person with antibiotics, natural selection could cause the following if you weren't careful:
a resistant type of Listeria could become more common
16. I bought a book a few years back that predicted that terrible storms would hit the Gulf Coast in March 2000. These storms never did happen. That prediction is
scientific, because it's testable
17. All of the following are true statements about the fossils classified as Australopithecus, EXCEPT:
Australopithecus has been proved to be a human ancestor.
18. You might find a mycelium
growing on old food.
19. For lack of anything better to do, I was arguing about evolution with one of those obnoxious evangelists who were out in front of the Student Center last week. Among other things, he claimed that evolution can't be demonstrated by experiments in a lab. If he's right, then
observations and modeling can still be used to test evolutionary
hypotheses.
20. The evangelist (the stocky blond guy) also claimed that evolution wasn't scientific because it was "just a theory." Why is this argument a bad one?
"Theory" doesn't mean "wild guess".
21. Another creationist whom I once debated, at Heritage Baptist Temple in Little Rock, told me, to my face, that I was only teaching evolution so that I could "satisfy my sinful lusts with my students." This is a nice example of
argument from personal attack
The next few questions deal with the issue of gun control. DISCLAIMER:
I'm not asking for your personal opinion. Nor do I know whether
the facts and statistics given here are accurate-most of them
I just made up. That's not the point.
22. Which of these arguments against gun control is an argument from the slippery slope?
"If they take our guns, the next thing that'll happen is the establishment of a dictatorship, and then everyone will be enslaved."
23. Which of the following statements about gun control is untestable?
People should be allowed to own as many guns as they want, of whatever type.
24. The argument "The right to own guns prevents crime, because no one can prove that it doesn't" is an:
argument from ignorance
25. A number of similar cells in an animal's body, grouped together into a sheet or other such unit, make up a/an:
tissue
26. How does my 1993 Ford Ranger resemble a living organism?
All of the above.
27. Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?
DNA
28. Which of the following statements does not have to be true for evolution by natural selection to work?
Living things are always getting more complex.
29. When a cell with a nucleus divides, a number of ropy or lumpy objects may appear in the nucleus, which take up dyes very strongly and so look strongly colored under the microscope. These "colored bodies" are the
chromosomes.
30. You can find dinosaur bones by digging in certain southwest Arkansas rocks, if you look long enough. Lying above the rock layers with dinosaur bones, you can find rock layers with whale bones. You never find both kinds of bone together. The principle of succession as stated by William Smith predicts that
whale bones will lie above dinosaur bones anywhere that both are found
31. Wild corn has ears about the size of your finger, each with a few dozen tough, unappetizing kernels covered with rough shells. Cultivated corn, which humans have grown for over 5000 years, has large ears with hundreds of kernels and no shells. It also comes in many varieties (sweet corn, feed corn, popcorn, Indian corn, etc.) What process created these large, diverse varieties of corn?
artificial selection
32. Many people who suffer from arthritis wear copper bracelets. Although copper bracelets don't really help the arthritis (as far as we know), some people feel better when they wear them. This is probably an example of the
placebo effect
33. Suppose I wanted to test whether copper bracelets are effective against arthritis. Of course, I'd need one group of people with arthritis to be my experimental group, and another to be my
control group
34. Taking into account the answer to #32 above, what would be the best way to set up my two groups?
one wears copper bracelets painted black, the other wears steel bracelets painted black
35. We classify grass in the kingdom Plantae, but most seaweeds in the kingdom Protista. This must be because seaweeds don't have
cell differentiation
36. Can you normally take makeup exams in this course?
No.
37. You can earn extra points in this class by
Trick question! You can't earn extra points in this class.
38. Which phylum has members that could give you a bad sting?
A and B [Arthropoda and Cnidaria]
39. Which of these animals is a member of the phylum Arthropoda?
cockroach
40. Which of these relatives of modern humans walked fully upright, had big brains, made tools, and had some form of culture?
Neanderthals
41. All of the following facts were used by Charles Darwin to support the theory of evolution, except for:
Humans and chimpanzees have DNA that's over 98% identical.
42. Fungi that never reproduce sexually are known as
imperfect fungi.
43. Lichens are
fungi and algae growing together.
44. Which of these animals is not bilaterally symmetrical?
A starfish.
45. A herbicide called fluazifop-P (sold under the trade name of FusiladeTM) blocks plant cells from making lipids, such as
oils.
46. When sprayed around a plant, the weed-killing chemical DiclobenilTM moves from the soil up through the roots and into the plant through the
vascular tissue.
47. Specifically, DiclobenilTM moves into a weed through the specialized cells that carry ____ up from the roots to the rest of the plant. These cells make up the ___.
water; xylem.
48. DiclobenilTM works by blocking a weed's apical meristem. This means that a plant that's been treated with DiclobenilTM can't
grow taller.
49. The way that DiclobenilTM actually works is by keeping plant cells from making new cell walls. Plant cell walls are made of
cellulose
50. What city is the University of Central Arkansas located in?
Conway