Iguana in Bonaire

Evolution and Diversity

A. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of life.

B. How many species?

1.4 million (maybe up to 100 million)

-insects highest number: ~750,000 with 290,000 Coleoptera (beetles)

Species Diversity in the USA

C. How do we organize diversity?

-systematics

-taxonomy

D. How are species named?

Carolus Linnaeus

Basic unit- species

binomial nomenclature

genus

specific epithet

authority

Quercus alba L. (white oak)

Canus lupus (gray wolf)

Canus rufus (red wolf)

Canus latrans (coyote)

Canus familiaris (dingo)

Canus lupus familiaris (dog)

Hierarchy in taxonomy (without Domain) (Fig 1.10)

E. How many major groups of organisms are there?

Controversial-One idea

"Lumpers and Splitters"

Three Domains & Six Kingdoms

from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/kingdoms.gif

Prokaryotic cells

from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg

1. Archaebacteria

2. Eubacteria

3. Eukarya

Eukaryotic cells

from: http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/Anatomy/animalcell.jpg

-Animalia

Coleoptera

Mammalia

Porifera

-Fungi

yeasts

mildew

mushroom

-Plants

Angiosperms

Gymnosperm

-Protista

protozoa

water mold

algae

slime molds

F. Phylogeny

-what is phylogeny?

-the history of organismal relationships as they change through time

The Tree of Life

-the "root" of the tree

-How did ancestral domains change over time?

Australian flower