According to the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, which of the following is true?

The major addition of the modern synthesis to Darwin's theory was the idea that _____.

Which of the following is the best example of gene flow?

Members of the same population _____.

A population is _____.

Sexual recombination occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____ and fertilization.

In the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, p² represents _____.

In the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, 1 represents _____.

Approximately 1 out of every 2,500 Caucasians in the United States is born with the recessive disease cystic fibrosis. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, approximately how many people are carriers?

Which of the following conditions is NOT required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Assortative (nonrandom) mating can cause evolutionary change by _____________.

In a certain group of African people, 4% are born with sickle-cell anemia (homozygous recessive). If this group is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the group has the selective advantage of being more resistant to malaria (heterozygous) than those individuals who are homozygous for normal hemoglobin or for sickle-cell anemia?

All of the following conditions would result in a change in the frequency of a specific allele in a population EXCEPT ____________.

A moth population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. From this statement, you know that in this population _____

Assume a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a character trait with these genotypic frequencies: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, and aa = 0.25. If you remove all the homozygous dominants and allow the remaining population to reproduce (again under Hardy-Weinberg conditions), what will be the frequency of homozygous dominants in the next generation?

Stabilizing selection _____.

Scientists have warned doctors of the danger of their increasing use of antibiotics (for instance, penicillin) for treating minor illnesses. They are concerned because ____________.

In a large population of randomly breeding individuals, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.3. There is no migration and no selection. What is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in this population?

In a large population of randomly breeding individuals, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.3. There is no migration and no selection. After ten breeding generations, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in this population will ____________.

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in the microevolution of a population of humans?

If an earthquake hit a small island so that all but a tiny group of lizards were eliminated and the survivors spread out over the island, this would be an instance of _____.

Natural selection is sometimes described as survival of the fittest. Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's fitness?

Which of the following changes in the gene pool results in an adaptation to the environment?

Natural selection primarily acts on _____.

In an isolated population containing 5,000 breeding members, the frequency of an allele was observed to change from 0.5 to 0.4 in one generation. What is the most likely explanation for this shift in allele frequency?

Which of the following statements best describes how the process of natural selection works to change allele frequencies?

The ultimate source of all genetic variation is _____.

Critics like to point out that the theory of evolution is flawed because it is based on random changes: mutations. They say that a random change in an organism (or a car or a TV set) is likely to harm it, not make it function better. What logical statement refutes these critics?

Each of us is part of the ongoing evolution of the human species. Which of the following occurrences would have the greatest impact on the future biological evolution of the human population?

A geneticist studied a grass population growing in an area of erratic rainfall and found that plants with alleles for curled leaves reproduced better in dry years, and plants with alleles for flat leaves reproduced better in wet years. This situation would _____.

Under some conditions, heterozygotes have greater reproductive success than homozygotes. What is this called?

Which of the following would seem to be an example of neutral variation?

Biologists often use the term "fitness" when speaking of evolution. Below are descriptions of four male grizzly bears. According to your understanding of evolution, which bear would biologists consider the most fit?

NAME	George	Ben	Spot	Sandy
SIZE	10 ft 1,200 lb	8.5 ft 1,000 lb	9 ft 1,100 lb	9 ft 1,000 lb
NUMBER OF CUBS FATHERED	19	25	20	20
NUMBER OF CUBS SURVIVING TO ADULTHOOD	15	14	14	19
COMMENTS	George is very large, very healthy. The strongest bear.	Ben mated with the greatest number of females.	When the area that Spot lived in was destroyed by fire, Spot was able to move to a new area and change his feeding habits.	Sandy was killed by an infection resulting from a cut in his foot.
AGE AT DEATH	13 yr	16 yr	12 yr	9 yr

The fittest bear was _________.

To be successful in evolutionary terms, an organism must _________.

Birds with average-size wings survived a severe storm more successfully than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. This illustrates _____.

A population of squirrels is preyed on by small hawks. The smaller squirrels can escape into burrows. The larger squirrels can fight off the hawks. After several generations, the squirrels in the area tend to be very small or very large. What process is responsible for this outcome?