Glycolysis and Respiration

I. Introduction

• Why do cells need ATP?
• How do cells make ATP?
• TWO PART SYSTEM (Where is it found in the cell?)
• Summary Equation

II. Glycolysis

• Consider the glucose molecule
• Glucose-splitting
• What are the products of glycolysis?
• What happens to pyruvic acid?

III. Life Without Oxygen Gas: Anaerobic Pathways

A. Lactic Acid

• Lactic Acid Formation
• regeneration of NAD, no free oxygen needed
• Where are lactate producing anaerobic organisms found?

       -food (aerotolerant anaerobes)

from: http://www.homeeconomiser.com/Tips%20Images/Yogurt.jpg

• Lactic acid formation in vertebrate muscle cells
• relationship between lactate and pH

B. Alcoholic Fermentation

• The Reaction

• regeneration of NAD
• Where does alcoholic fermentation occur?

       -wine and beer-making (fermentation lock)

IV. Aerobic Pathways: Respiration

• two stages
• location in the cell
• first step to the Kreb's Cycle

    -pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

• Where does the pyruvic acid come from? Where does it go to?
• The fate of acetyl CoA: Kreb's Cycle oxidation
• What are the products of the Kreb's Cycle?
• How does the mitochondria convert NADH and FADH into ATP?
• ETS (electron transport system)

• Chemiosmotic Hypothesis: ATP synthesis in mitochondria