Useful Vocabulary/Phrases/People
Exam 1:
emergent properties
homeostasis
reductionism
systematics
taxonomy
Linnaeus
species
binomial system of nomenclature
genus
specific epithet
taxa (taxon)
domain
kingdom
eubacteria
archebacteria
animal
fungi
plant
protista
phylogeny
tree of life
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
population
microevolution
macroevolution
Aristotle
Leonardo da Vinci
Jean Lamarck
Troffim Lysenko
HMS Beagle
Galapagos Islands
Charles Lyell
artificial selection
Thomas Malthus
Evolution by natural selection (short version)
fossils
paleontology
Ambulocetus
homologous features
Eusthenopteron
vestigial structures
biogeography
gene pool
population genetics
allele
gene
genotype
phenotype
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
genetic drift
gene flow
inbreeding
fitness
somatic mutation
sex cell mutation
Bottle neck Effect
Founder Effect
natural selection
polygenic inheritance
discrete characters
continuous characters
normal distribution
sexual selection
heterozygote advantage
Plasmodium falciparum
Directional, stabilizing, disruptive natural selection
Biological Species Concept
Ernst Mayr
Reproductive Isolation
prezygotic; postzygotic isolation
hybrid inviability; hybrid sterility
allopatric speciation
sympatric speciation
adaptive radiation
allopolyploid speciation
allometric growth
branched evolution
phylogenetic systematics
cladististics
cladogram
clade
homology
analogy
convergent evolution
synaptomorphies
phylocode
stromatolites
Alexander Oparin; J.B.S. Haldane
"The Organic Soup"
Stanley Miller; Harold Urey
black smokers
carbonaceous chondrite meteorite
Thomas Cech
"The RNA world"
ribozyme
protobiont
liposome
eubiont
chemoheterotroph
Exam 2:
Janssen family
compound microscope
ocular, objective, condenser lens
resolution
LR
contrast
littoral, limnetic, photic, aphotic, benthic zone
Cyanobacteria
Anabaena
dinoflagellates
diatoms
green algae
water molds
ciliates
amoeba
rotifers
nematodes
eutrophication
endosymbiosis
Margulis & Mereschkovsky
autotroph
heterotroph
Parabasala
Diplomonadida
xylophagous
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichonympha agilis
Giardia lamblia
Paramecium
macronucleus, micronucleus
contractile vacuole
exocytosis, endocytosis
collagen
Cnidaria
radial, bilateral symmetry
gastrovascular cavity
polyp
medusa
Hydra
nematocyst
cnidocyte
coelom
Dugesia; Planaria
pharynx
flame cells
hydrostatic skeleton
chordates
notochord
hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
postanal tail
neural crest
cephalization
tetrapods
bony fishes
lobe-fined fishes
lung fishes
coelacanth
Aves
amniotes
Archaeopteryx
countercurrent heat exchange
wings as airfoils
monotreme
marsupial
placental
Echidna
endothermic; ectothermic
energy budget
homeostasis
stages of food processing
diffusion
open and closed circulatory system
cardiovascular system
chambers of the heart
double circulation
respiratory surface
skin breathers
gills
tracheae
lungs
countercurrent gas exchange
alveoli
positive pressure breathing
negative pressure breathing
air sacs
diaphragm
gemmules
fragmentation
meiosis
fertilization: internal and external
Exam 3:
Charophycean algae
Bryophyte
Pteridophyte
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
cellulase
chlorophyll
apical meristem
stomates
guard cells
gametangia
ovule
archegonia
antheridia
gametophyte
sporophyte
sporopollenin
sori
sporangium
megasporangium
microsporangium
cuticle
xylem
phloem
vessel
tracheid
water potential
transpiration
secondary compounds
aphids
liverwort
mosses
protonema
fiddlehead
frond
horsetail
club moss
whisk fern
rhizome
cotyledon
seed structure
pollination
pollen
sporophyll
ginkgo
cycad
Welwitschia
Ephedra
conifer
monocot
dicot
sepal
petal
anther
stamen
ovary
stigma
style
phenotypic plasticity
blue light receptor
phytochrome; Pfr, Pr
phototropism
circadian rhythm
biological clock
photoperiodism
short day, long day, day neutral plant
inductive dark period
herbivory
systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
salicyclic acid
abiotic environment
biotic environment
climograph
microclimate
predation
introduced species
organismal ecology
population ecology
community ecology
ecosystem ecology
biosphere
demography
life table
survival curve (Type I, II, III)
exponential growth
logistic growth
growth rate (r)
carrying capacity (K)
demographic transition
age structure pyramid
community
species richness and abundance
competition
predation
mutualism
commensalism
GF Gause
Competitive Exclusion Principle
niche
cryptic coloration
aposematic coloring
Batesian mimicry
trophic structure
producer levels
consumer levels
food chain
food web
ecological succession
primary succession
secondary succession
Ecology Section of Final Exam:
primary production
net primary production
gross primary production
secondary production
production efficiency
ecological pyramid (NPP, biomass, numbers)
biogeochemical cycles
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen fixation
legume
N2
NH4+
NO3-
acid rain
carbonic acid
CO2 as a greenhouse gas
carbon cycle
biophilia
species extinction and habitat destruction
ecosystem services