Eucalypt forest in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia

Wood, Cork and Bamboo

I. Introduction

-What is wood?

-What is wood used for?

-State of forest resources

-forest management

II. What is wood?

A. Anatomy

1. vascular cambium

-secondary growth

-sapwood and heartwood

2. ray parenchyma

3. bark (secondary phloem; cork cambium; splitting)

4. hardwood and softwood

-gymnosperms (conifers)

-angiosperms 2

-trachieds

-vessels

-trachieds and vessel elements compared

-distribution of white spruce

5. Springwood and summerwood

III. Wood Products

1. Firewood

-cord

-heat value of wood

2. Charcoal

-kiln

3. Veneers

-plywood

PT boat

marquetry

-particle board; chipboard house

4. Paper

a. Original paper

-papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) stem

-rice paper (Tetrapanax papyrifera) pith

-Mulberry paper (Broussonetia papyrifera) bark

parchment

b. "Real" paper

-Chinese paper

-European rag paper mummy

why make paper out of rags?

-1851: chemical separation of fibers

conifer - 2 to 4 mm; angiosperm - 0.5 to 1.5 mm fibers

c. How is paper made? how made

-mechanical pulping (newsprint)

-chemical pulping (sulfite "acid" paper; sulfate "basic" paper)

d. Paper recycling

5. Rayon and Cellophane

-cellulose xanthate

-vicose --> cellulose, rayon

-Lyocell (Tencel)

6. Cork

-Quercus suber

7. Bamboo

Bamboo along the roadside in Jamaica

-Different species from Grass family (Poaceae) cross section

-How fast do they grow?

IV. Wood Supplies in the Future

A. Growing Demand

B. Fate of Forests Worldwide

data from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (www.fao.org): 1990-2000 Data

C. Forestry Management

1. Clear-cutting NZ  Even-aged cutting

2. Large tree (uneven-aged) cutting

3. Tree Farms and Agroforestry

-Pinus radiata (Monterey pine)

-Eucalyptus sp. plantation

-Leucaena data

-Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) facts Kenaf Society