A few basic argument structures

Modus Ponens:

If X, then Y If Bob is a man, then Bob is a human

X Bob is a man

\Y \ Bob is a human

Modus Tollens

If X, then Y If Bob is a man, then Bob is a human

Not Y Bob is not a human

\ Not X \Bob is not a man

Disjunctive Syllogism

Either X or Y Bob is either a human or a door knob

Not X Bob is not a human

\Y \ Bob is a door knob

Hypothetical Syllogism

If X, then Y If Bob is a man, then Bob is a human

If Y, then Z If Bob is a human, Bob is a mammal

\If X, then Z \ If Bob is a man, then Bob is a mammal